Forming Process

• Dry pressing
• Isostatic pressing
• Extrusion molding
• Hot isostatic pressing
• Injection molding precision ceramics
• Injection molding precision ceramic parts

1. Dry pressing process

The advantages of dry pressing are high production efficiency, less labor, low scrap rate, short production cycle, high density and high strength of the products produced, which are suitable for large-scale industrial production. When the cross-sectional area and shape of the green sheet are certain, within a certain range, increasing the pressure is conducive to the increase of the density of the green sheet, but when it is close to the limit value of the density, increasing the pressing pressure will not help to further increase the density, and it is easy to cause cracking or damage the mold. For structural ceramics, the pressure is preferably 70-100MPa. In the field of ceramic production, the products manufactured by dry pressing mainly include tiles, wear-resistant ceramic lining ceramic sheets, sealing rings, etc.

2. Isostatic pressing process

Injection molding precision ceramics and injection molding precision ceramic parts are a manufacturing technology with multiple advantages in the production of ceramic parts. Injection molding and injection molding are suitable for small precision ceramic parts. The process involves pressing ceramic raw materials (usually a mixture of ceramic powder and binder) into the mold cavity under high pressure of 70 to 12 MPa. Binders help shape the material and maintain its integrity during the molding process. Ceramic Injection Molding (CIM) is a branch of modern powder injection molding (PIM) technology with many special technical and process advantages: it can be mass-produced quickly and automatically, and its process can be precisely controlled, with a tolerance of ±0.1%~0.2%, and excellent performance; no mechanical processing or only micro-processing is required, reducing the preparation cost. It can form complex shapes, with transverse holes, inclined holes, concave and convex surfaces, threads, thin walls, and difficult-to-cut ceramic special-shaped parts, and has a wide range of application prospects.

3. Injection molding process

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4. Hot isostatic pressing process

Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) is a process that places the product in a closed container, applies equal pressure to the product in all directions, and applies high temperature at the same time. Under the action of high temperature and high pressure, the product can be sintered and densified. Hot isostatic pressing is an indispensable means for the production of high-performance materials and the development of new materials; hot isostatic pressing can directly form powders, and the powders are loaded into a package (similar to the role of a mold). The package can be made of metal or ceramic (low carbon steel, Ni, Mo, glass, etc.), and then nitrogen and argon are used as pressurized media to directly heat and pressurize the powders for sintering. After hot isostatic pressing treatment, the overall mechanical properties of the ceramics are improved.

5. Ceramic slip injection molding process

Ceramic slip injection molding is injecting ceramic slurry into the mold, and through the action of gravity or centrifugal force, the slurry fills the mold and forms a ceramic product of the desired shape. This process is mainly suitable for the production of ceramic products with complex shapes and large volumes, such as ceramic crucibles, daily-use ceramics, etc. The equipment for slip injection molding is relatively simple and low in cost, but the production efficiency is low, and it takes a certain amount of time to wait for the slurry to solidify.

6. Extrusion molding process

Extrusion Pressing, also known as extrusion molding and plastic molding. It refers to adding organic binders and plastic molding aids to ceramic raw materials and then obtaining extrusion blanks after processes such as mud kneading, aging, and plasticization. The extruded blanks are placed in special extrusion molding equipment, and a certain pressure is applied to extrude the blanks through an open die nozzle using a piston or a screw. The blanks after extrusion can maintain their original shape. In this molding method, the die nozzle is the molding mold, and blanks of different shapes can be extruded by replacing the die nozzle. Extrusion molding is suitable for the production of long-sized rods, tubes, columns, plate-shaped products,and other products with consistent cross-sections. The length of extrusion is almost unlimited, and products of various shapes can be extruded by replacing the extrusion nozzle. Thin-walled products can be extruded, but the wall thickness increases with the increase of diameter. The honeycomb ceramic products that are currently widely used are produced by extrusion molding. In addition, the extrusion molding method can also extrude thin sheets, which are then cut and stamped into different shapes.